Proceedings of Southeastern Fish and Wildlife Conference
Prior to 2013, SEAFWA published the Proceedings of annual conferences. In 2014, SEAFWA began publishing the peer-reviewed Journal of the Southeastern Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies.
1951 - 2000 of 4522 articles | 50 per page | page 40
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Food Habits of Morone Hybrid Bass In Clarks Hill Reservoir, Georgia Food habits of hybrid bass (Morone saxatilis x Morone chrysops) were studied in Clarks Hill Reservoir from 1 July 1980 to 30 June 1981. Stomachs from 820 hybrid bass ranging from 221 mm to 736 mm total length and 0.13 kg to 4.21 kg were examined. Overall, threadfin shad was the predominant food item of hybrid bass (62% frequency of occurrence). Data indicated hybrid bass were fully utilizing the threadfin shad. Hybrid bass did not shift to gizzard shad despite the apparent winter depletion of threadfin shad.
Pages 53-61 |
1982 |
Ultrasonic Telemetry of Striped Bass X White Bass Hybrids in the Escambia River, Florida Biotelemetry studies of 13 striped bass (Morone saxatilis) x white bass (M. chrysops) hybrids in the Escambia River, Florida demonstrated positive affinity of the hybrids for saline waters. Average salinity at relocation sites ranged from 0.5 to 4.1 ppt at the surface and from 3.6 to 21.8 ppt on the bottom. Movements of hybrids in the river system appear to be strongly influenced by seasonal fluctuations in river discharge. Hybrids usually inhabited the lower, tidal delta of the river during periods of low and normal discharge and moved into the bay during times of high flow.
Pages 62-73 |
1982 |
Evaluation of White Bass X Striped Bass Hybrids in a Hypereutrophic Florida Lake Fingerling Morone hybrids were stocked into Lake Apopka, Florida, in an attempt to create a sportfishery in the hypereutrophic lake. The lake was stocked with 635,000 original hybrids (8 fish/ha) in May, 1980 and 315,000 original hybrids (4 fish/ha) in May, 1981. Growth during their first year (age 0) was not rapid for either year class, however, by 23 months the mean total length of the 1980 year class was comparable to that of other hybrids in Florida and the southeast. Winston K. Borkowski, L. E. Snyder
Pages 74-82 |
1982 |
Effects of Sunlight Intensity on Survival of Striped Bass X White Bass Fry The effects of sunlight intensity on survival of Morone saxatilis X Morone chrysops hybrid fry were examined through studies performed in replicated aquaria and hatchery rearing ponds. The aquaria and ponds were exposed to direct sunlight and 2 types of sunlight reduction (overhead shading and decreased water clarity). Direct sunlight reduced fry survival in the aquaria and pond experiments. In aquaria, variations in overhead shade and water clarity significantly affected fry survival, and decreased water clarity was more effective than an increase in overhead shade in increasing survival.
Pages 83-94 |
1982 |
Use of Otoliths to Age Black Crappie from Florida The scale method and length-frequency analysis were not adequate for accurately aging and measuring growth rate of black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) collected in Florida. Black crappie otoliths (sagittae) showed clearly recognizable: bands in whole view, suggesting possible use of otoliths to age black crappie. Otoliths satisfied necessary criteria for validating aging structures: growth was proportional to black crappie growth, annuli formed in the spring, and back-calculated lengths agreed with lengths for age-classes estimated from length-frequency analysis. Harold L. Schramm, Jr., J. F. Doerzbacher
Pages 95-105 |
1982 |
Diet Overlap in Redbreast and Longear Sunfishes from Small Streams of East Central Alabama A food habit study was conducted for the redbreast sunfish (Lepomis auritus) and the longear sunfish (Lepomis megalotis) occurring in small streams of the Coastal Plains and Piedmont Plateau physiographic provinces near Auburn, Alabama. Fish stomach analyses revealed that redbreast and longear are primarily insectivores. The bulk of the diet of both species in small streams was composed of aquatic and terrestrial insects. Crustaceans were also consumed by both species regularly. Ingestion of a wide variety of other organisms suggests opportunistic feeding in both species.
Pages 106-114 |
1982 |
Food Habits and Growth of Young-of-Year White Bass in Two East Tennessee Reservoirs A total of 791 young-of-year white bass (Morone chrysops) from 2 East Tennessee reservoirs were examined to determine food habits and growth. An effort was made to determine when they switched from an insectivorous to a piscivorous diet. White bass in Cherokee Reservoir consumed primarily insects (Chironomidae) during their first year and in Norris Reservoir, primarily zooplankton (Cladocera). When they began consuming fish, young-of-year white bass in Cherokee Reservoir were between 2.5 and 5.0 cm in length while white bass in Norris Reservoir were between 5.0 and 7.5 cm. Bruce M. Saul, J. L. Wilson, D. C Peterson, J. M. Richardson
Pages 115-124 |
1982 |
Nocturnal Foraging by Alewives in Reservoir Coves Diel occurrence and feeding of alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus) in shoreline areas of Claytor Lake, Virginia was investigated concurrent with food habits of resident juvenile bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) , pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus), and yeHow perch (Perca flavescens); and the composition and abundance of the littoral zooplankton community. Schools of alewives entered coves at sunset and fed intensively through the night, departing soon after sunrise. Alewives and juvenile fish consumed the same 16 items, but to different degrees.
Pages 125-134 |
1982 |
Fish Distribution and Abundance Below a Southeastern Hydropower Dam Releases of large volumes of water from low-level release ports during generation of peaking hydropower at Hartwell Dam, Georgia-South Carolina, resulted in large daily flow fluctuations and altered water quality in a section of the Savannah River. Flows ranged from a minimum of 3 m3/sec during nongeneration to 665 m3/sec during generation. Thermal stratification in Hartwell Reservoir generally resulted in low water temperatures (≤20 C) throughout the 14-km study area and low dissolved oxygen concentrations <3 mg/I) in the 2-km section of the river immediately below the dam.
Pages 135-145 |
1982 |
Acute Toxicity Effects of Simazine on Daphnia Pulex and Larval Striped Bass Tests were performed to determine the acute toxicity of simazine, a herbicide commonly used in pond aquaculture, to the cIadoceran Daphnia pulex and to 3- and 7-day old larval striped bass (Morone saxatilis). The 48-hour LC50 for 3-day-old striped bass was r8 mglIiter in hard water (220 mg/liter as CaC03 ) and r6 mglIiter in soft water (120 mglIiter as CaC03 ); corresponding estimates for 7-day-old larvae exceeded roo mg/liter. The estimated 48-hour LC50 for D. pulex exceeded 50 mg/liter in both hard and soft water. Karen M. Fitzmayer, J. G. Geiger, M. J. Van Den Avyle
Pages 146-156 |
1982 |
Supplemental Winter Feeding of Hybrid Sunfish in Mississippi The effects of supplemental feeding on the winter growth of male bluegill (Lepomis machrochirus) x female green sunfish (L. cyanellus) F1 hybrids were investigated in northeast Mississippi. Four 0.04 ha ponds were each stocked at the rate of 2471 fish per ha. Fish in 2 ponds were fed daily while the other fish subsisted only on natural food. Mter 90 days at water temperatures below 15 C, fed fish were significantly (P <0.05) heavier. but not longer than non-fed fish. Martin W. Brunson, H. R. Robinette
Pages 157-161 |
1982 |
Winter Feeding of Channel Catfish in Mississippi, Arkansas and Texas Fingerling channel catfish (lctalurus punctatus) fed a 25% crude protein practical feed grew as well as or better than fingerlings fed a 35% crude protein practical feed in both Mississippi and Arkansas ponds during 2 consecutive winters. Fingerlings in Texas grew better on the 35% protein feed, although poor survival may have affected the results. The 35% protein feed provided no growth advantage to adult fish in Mississippi. Both feeds had equivalent energy to essential amino acid ratios and both contained 12% fish meal. H. Randall Robinette, R. L. Busch, S. H. Newton, C. J. Haskins, S. Davis, R. R. Stickney
Pages 162-171 |
1982 |
Growth of Tilapia Aurea as a Function of Degree of Dietary Lipid Saturation Tilapia aurea fingerlings were fed semipurified diets differing only in the degree of saturation in the lipid component (soybean oil). Growth improved significantly as degree of unsaturation in dietary lipid increased. All fish became depleted in high (> 18 carbon atom) molecular weight polyunsaturated fatty acids during the course of the study. Robert R. Stickney, R. B. McGeachin, E. H. Robinson, G. Arnold, L. Suter
Pages 172-181 |
1982 |
Effects of Selecting for Growth Rate on Reproductive Performance in Channel Catfish Two populations of channel catfish (lctalurus punctatus) with different histories of domestication-Marion (Alabama) and Kansas-were grown in earthen ponds at 7,500/ha. The largest 10% of each population were selected when population mean weights were 500 g. The reproductive performance of these selects was compared to that of brood from random control populations. Data were analyzed for each strain then pooled and re-analyzed. No differences were found in spawning day, spawning rate, hatchability of eggs and survival of sac fry. Rex A. Dunham, R. O. Smitherman
Pages 182-189 |
1982 |
Length Variation in Species and Hybrid Populations of Blue, Channel, and White Catfishes Blue catfish (lctalurus furcatus) , channel catfish (I. punctatus) , white catfish (I. catus) , and their hybrids channel x blue, blue x channel, channel x white, and white x blue were produced and grown to an average total length of 150 mm and weight of 30 g in earthen ponds. Blue catfish (P < 0.0 I) and white catfish (P < 0.02) were more uniform in length than channel catfish. The channel x blue hybrid was more uniform in length than its reciprocal blue x channel hybrid and channel catfish (P <0.02). Mark J. Brooks, R. O. Smitherman, J. A. Chappell, J. C. Williams, R. A. Dunham
Pages 190-195 |
1982 |
Influence of Particle Size of Agricultural Limestone on Pond Liming A finely-pulverized agricultural limestone was much more effective than a coarse agricultural limestone in elevating the total alkalinity of ponds and of laboratory mud-water systems. The relative abilities of different particle-size classes of agricultural limestone to raise total alkalinity were determined. A method for correcting pond lime requirements for the neutralizing value and fineness of agricultural limestone was proposed. Claude E. Boyd, W. D. Hollerman
Pages 196-201 |
1982 |
Feasibility of a Commercial Paddlefish Harvest from Norris Reservoir, Tennessee Mark-recapture techniques were used to estimate the abundance of harvestable size paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) in Norris Reservoir, Tennessee, during spring 1980. Results indicated a harvestable population of 8,772 fish with a 95% confidence interval of 4,557 to 18,467. A comparative study using gill nets of various bar mesh sizes showed that gill nets with 17.8-cm bar mesh or larger were more efficient for collecting harvestable paddlefish while having less adverse impact on sport fish species than did nets with smaller mesh sizes. C. Michael Alexander, D. C. Peterson
Pages 202-212 |
1982 |
A Survey of Bycatch in the Louisiana Gulf Menhaden Fishery A survey was made of incidental catch in the Louisiana gulf menhaden (Brevoortia patronus) purse seine fishery. Samples were taken in 1980 and 198 I at plants located at Empire, Dulac, and Cameron. Overall the bycatch comprised 2.68% by number and 2.35% by weight of the catches sampled. The most abundant species were Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), seatrout (Cynoscion spp.), threadfin shad (Dorosoma petenense) , Atlantic bumper (Chloroscombrus chrysurus), hardhead catfish (Arius felis), and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus).
Pages 213-223 |
1982 |
Sport Fishery Harvest and Effort on Albemarle Sound, North Carolina A creel census was conducted on Albemarle Sound and its tributaries from February 1, 1977 through January 31, 1980 to estimate the total annual sport fishing pressure and harvest of major sport fish species, particularly striped bass (Morone saxatilis). Total sport fishing effort was in excess of 400,000 party-hours per year, and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), was the species for which the greatest amount of specific effort was exerted. The harvest of striped bass and most other species declined drastically during the study. Anthony W. Mullis, C. R. Guier
Pages 224-240 |
1982 |
An Estimation of the Total Number of Texas Fishermen,1 September 1978-31 August 1979 The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department mailed 2 different survey questionnaires to 5,000 randomly selected households to estimate the number of residents fishing and the ways they fished in Texas from 1 September 1978 through 31 August 1979. The questionnaires in this survey were identical except one sub-group (1000) asked household members questions regarding their possession of a valid fishing license. Differences in responses to these 2 questionnaires were used to assess response biases. Albert W. Green, L. Z. Barrington, G. C. Matlock
Pages 241-251 |
1982 |
An Evaluation of Factors Affecting Creel Clerk Performance Roving creel surveys were conducted on 2 Southeastern reservoirs from March 1980 to February 1981. Two creel clerks performed the field work. Evaluation of creel clerk performance descriptors (number of missing questionnaire entries and interview length) documented a clerk break-in period. Variation in fishing effort affected clerk data gathering efficiency (percent of fishermen sampled). Clerks differed in administering a modified Likert response format on 12 of 17 attitudinal questions posed to fishermen. Michael D. Hudgins, S. P. Malvestuto
Pages 252-263 |
1982 |
A Preliminary Evaluation of Blue Tilapia Population Expansion in Lake Tohopekaliga, Florida Blue Tilapia (Tilapia aurea) were introduced to Florida in 1961. Subsequently they have become established throughout the central part of the state. Tilapia were first collected from Lake Tohopekaliga in 1976. Since that time a considerable expansion in both numbers and biomass has been documented. The juvenile tilapia population has increased by a rate of approximately 500% per year from 1979 to 1981. Mikel W. Hulon, V. P. Williams
Pages 264-271 |
1982 |
The Impact of Drought on Lake Elmdale Largemouth Bass Low water levels, sustained high temperatures, and potential increases in predatory pressure appear to have adversely affected the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) population of Lake Elmdale, Arkansas. An estimated population of 3,916 bass were present in 1981 compared to previous estimates of 11,770 in 1977 and 8,937 in 1979. Size overlap between 2- and 3-year-old bass is indicative of differential states of sexual maturity and associated reproductive activity during the harsh drought conditions. Donald C. Jackson, R. V. Kilambi, P. J. Polechla, Jr.
Pages 272-279 |
1982 |
Beneficial Effects of Hydrilla on Two Eutrophic Lakes in Central Florida Hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) encroachment in Lake Parker and Lake Hunter was directly proportional to production of invertebrates, forage fish species and juvenile largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Survival of young of the year largemouth bass was positively correlated with the presence of hydrilla. Improvements in the sportfish standing crop on both lakes indicated a reversal from hypereutrophic to a mesotrophicl eutrophic fishery. Water quality data revealed a possible trend of stabilization andlor improvement of nutrient levels with hydrilla encroachment. Danon J. Moxley, F. H. Langford
Pages 280-286 |
1982 |
Expansion of Transplanted Giant Bulrush in Central Florida Lakes Giant bulrush (Scirpus californicus) proved to be an excellent aquatic plant for transplanting into lakes. Bulrush has a desirable growth pattern and acts as a natural congregating area for freshwater sportfish. Growth densities allow good angler utilization. Consistent survival and rapid growth response after transplanting was documented in all study lakes.
Pages 287-293 |
1982 |
The relationship between the decline of macroinvertebrate standing crop and the loss of aquatic habitat due to box-cut access channel construction was assessed on Lake Tohopekaliga. Channelization of natural lake bottom had an adverse effect on benthic productivity by increasing both taxon richness and numbers of organisms routinely utilized by sportfish. For this study, channel substrate supported only 54% of the total standing crop of fish food organisms found in littoral substrate. Edwin J. Moyer, V. P. Williams
Pages 294-304 |
1982 |
Fish Species Diversity and Abundance in Relation to Stream Habitat Characteristics Fish species diversity and abundance were examined over a 3 year period at 6 study sites within a single watershed in the Piedmont of South Carolina. The fish community was dominated by 3 cyprinid species, but included 22 species. Average Shannon-Weaver fish species diversity estimates ranged from 0.15 to 1.87, and were related to substrate diversity. Fish species diversity increased downstream, and decreased in relation to silt in the substrate and frequency of drying.
Pages 305-311 |
1982 |
Enhancement of Florida Marine Fisheries Using Artificial Reefs: A Review Florida coastal waters contain more permitted artificial fishing reef sites (ca. 150) than any other state. Initiative stems primarily from local interests, including over 60 different private and public organizations. Florida's earliest reef was authorized in 1936 although 87% were proposed after 1962. Prevalent reef materials include some combination of concrete rubble, tires, automobiles and/ or vessels in 40% of Florida reefs, followed by vessels (25%), and automobile bodies and tires (13% each).
Pages 312-322 |
1982 |
Liver Enzyme Activity as a Growth Index in Wild Rainbow Trout The relationship between fish size and the activity of certain liver enzymes was assessed in age I rainbow trout (Salrna gairdneri) from 3 Virginia streams. Total length and body weight of the trout differed significantly among streams. Activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and aspartate aminotransferase also differed significantly among fish in the streams and both were negatively correlated with fish size. Differences in size and enzyme activity probably relate to differential caloric intake of fish in the 3 streams.
Pages 323-331 |
1982 |
Survival of Adult, Florida and Northern Largemouth Bass Subjected to Cold Temperature Regimes Adult Florida (Micropterus salmoides floridanus) and northern (M. s. salmoides) largemouth bass were subjected in the laboratory to low water temperature regimes similar to those occurring on Texas hatcheries. Northern largemouth bass survived all temperature regimes experienced. Florida largemouth bass suffered mortality that increased as temperature decline rate (1, 2, and 4 C/ day) increased. They survived prolonged exposure (30 days) at 4 C well, but total mortality occurred at 3 and 2 C.
Pages 332-339 |
1982 |
Agonistic behavior and social dominance relationships between similar-sized, wild, adult brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were examined in a laboratory stream. Frequency of movements, aggressive encounters, and consumption of food items by trout when held as single specimens, intraspecific pairs, and interspecific pairs were compared. Louis A. Helfrich, J. R. Wolfe, Jr., P. T. Bromley
Pages 340-350 |
1982 |
Effects of Dummy Radio Transmitters on the Behavior of Largemouth Bass Twenty largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) , 10 containing dummy radio transmitters and 10 control, were studied in hatchery ponds to determine the effects of implanted transmitters on swimming, feeding, spawning and catchability behavior. Eight additional bass were subjected to buoyancy compensation tests under laboratory conditions. Pond studies indicated no significant difference in swimming movement or catchability between transmitter and control bass. Both transmitter and control bass were observed feeding and spawning.
Pages 351-357 |
1982 |
The spawning period and caloric density of body tissues during gonadal recrudescence were studied in a naturalized population of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) from September 1979 to August 1980. As judged by gonosomatic indices and the percentage of spent females in semimonthly samples, the fish spawned from mid-February to early April, when water temperature and stream flow were both increasing. Decreases in calorific equivalents (cal mg-1 dry weight) of selected tissues during gonadal maturation in fall and winter were greatest in fat reserves along the alimentary tract. Richard J. Neves, S. L. Brayton
Pages 358-368 |
1982 |
First Year Growth and Survival of Stocked Largemouth Bass in a Small Oklahoma Impoundment Liberty Lake was stocked with fingerling largemouth bass (Mieropterus salmoides) at 448/ha in July, 1980. Monthly electrofishing samples collected for 1 year following stocking showed 76.4% of the 1980-year-class to have been stocked. A bimodal length distribution of stocked fish appeared in fall, 1980 and continued throughout the sampling period. Decreased survival of the stocked largemouth bass during the winter was noted. Most mortality occurred in the slower-growing fish. However, a decline in the number of fish from both length modes was evident.
Pages 369-376 |
1982 |
Evaluation of Sunflower Meal as a Soybean Meal Replacement in Rainbow Trout Diets Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were fed 38% protein experimental diets which contained either sunflower or soybean meal. Fish were reared in 2 sets of tanks under controlled and ambient water temperatures during January-April 1982. With controlled water temperature, fish fed the sunflower meal diet had a significantly higher final weight, average gains and food conversion ratio. Under ambient water temperature conditions, trout fed sunflower meal diet also had significantly higher final weight and average gain than trout fed soybean meal diets. Janis R. Scott, S. H. Newton, R. W. Katayama
Pages 377-385 |
1982 |
The fish fauna of Brumley Creek, Virginia, a third-order cold water stream in southwest Virginia, was sampled by electrofishing at 9 sites from headwaters to mouth. A total of 19 species were collected. Upstream sites had few species because of previous management activities. Downstream sites varied in species richness and composition as a function of several watershed characteristics. Gregory C. Garman, T. L. Thorn, L. A. Nielsen
Pages 386-396 |
1982 |
Influence of Dense Hydrilla Infestation on Black Crappie Growth Black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) growth was reduced when hydrilla (Hydrilla verticillata) coverage exceeded 50% in Lake Baldwin, Florida, between 1977 and 1979. Black crappie did not reach harvestable size (>228 mm TL) until age 3 and 4 during periods of extensive hydrilla coverage and reduced threadfin shad (Dorosoma petenense) abundance. Following hydrilla removal and shad population reestablishment, harvestable size was obtained by age 2 and growth of older fish increased. Michael J. Maceina, J. V. Shireman
Pages 394-402 |
1982 |
Shrimp Monitoring and Assessment in Alabama Shrimp (Penaeus sp.) at 50 stations throughout Alabama's estuarine area are sampled utilizing 4.9-m otter trawls, a 15.2-m bag seine and 1.8-m beam plankton trawls to monitor abundance and growth. A monthly index is determined for postlarval and juvenile shrimp by species and used each year to estimate relative abundance. A model has been developed to predict the opening day of shrimping season as much as 6 weeks in advance using estimates of brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) growth.
Pages 403-409 |
1982 |
Deer and Cattle Diets on Longleaf Pine-Bluestem Range Seasonal diets of cattle and lead deer (Odocoileus virginianus) using three subunits of a rotationally burned longleaf pine-bluestem (Pinus palustrisAndropogon spp.) pasture receiving moderate yearlong grazing are compared with lead deer diets from 3 similarly managed, ungrazed subunits. Considering all plant species, diet overlap averaged 44.3, 34.7, 21.5, and 8.0% during winter, spring, fall, and summer, respectively. Summer diets were largely complementary.
Pages 410-419 |
1982 |
Deer Forage in 13-Year-Old Commercially Thinned and Burned Loblolly Pine Plantations White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) forage was greatly increased in 2 loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations after they were control burned and commercially thinned at age 13 years. Forage averaged 26 kg/ha in August 1979 (age 12) before treatment and 326 kg/ha in August 1980 (age 13),1 growing season after treatment, and 429 kg/ha in August 1981 (age 14). Deer forage averaged 31 kg/ha in February 1981 and 52 kg/ha in February 1982, which exceeded the 4.5 kg/ha average in 12-year-old untreated plantations.
Pages 420-426 |
1982 |
An Evaluation of Hunter-Killed White-Tailed Deer for Abomasal Parasite Count (APC) Studies Abomasal parasite counts (APC) were determined on 467 whitetailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) collected in summer and 436 deer collected in fall from 50 localities in the Southeast. APC values declined from summer to fall region-wide. Declines in APC values began on most areas in Mountain and Piedmont provinces by October and November, respectively; and in the Coastal Plain province declines in APC values began in November. These differences in the timing of declines in APC values precluded establishment of region-wide guidelines for interpretation of fall APC values. C. Edward Couvillion, C. B. Crow, W. R. Davidson
Pages 427-435 |
1982 |
Abomasal Parasitism and Physical Condition in Southeastern White-Tailed Deer The relationship between abomasal parasitism and physical condition was studied in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in the Southeast. On both an individual animal and herd basis, the level of abomasal parasitism was inversely related to physical condition. Differences (P ≤ 0.05) in physical condition were noted among herds in each of 3 abomasal parasite count (APC) categories (namely, <500, 500-1,500, >1,500). William R. Davidson, J. S. Osborne, F. A. Hayes
Pages 436-444 |
1982 |
Estimates of White-Tailed Deer Activity Levels in Oklahoma White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) activity levels were estimated by track counts on 3 study sites in the Cross Timbers region of Oklahoma during 1978-79. An activity index (number of tracks/ day) was developed from repetitive readings of 100 track plots (1 X 3 m) per site. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in monthly activity levels were found. Within-month and between-month variability was influenced by land-use patterns, ambient temperature shifts, changes in food resource availability, and deer behavior patterns. Richard A. Ockenfels, J. A. Bissonette
Pages 445-453 |
1982 |
Fat Levels in Male White-Tailed Deer during the Breeding Season Percent body fat was estimated from the Kidney Fat Index for 1,726 male, white-tailed deer from the Savannah River Plant in South Carolina for the years 1974 through 1978. There was a significant decrease in percent body fat from September through December in all animals ≥2.5 years. Percent fat in fawns increased significantly from September through December. Fat levels in 1.5-year-old animals did not show a general trend for either an increase or decrease from September through December. Paul E. Johns, E. G. Cothran, M. H. Smith, R. K. Chesser
Pages 454-462 |
1982 |
Evaluating Nutritional Status of White-Tailed Deer Using Fat Indices Femurs, mandibles, and kidneys with attached perirenal fat were collected from white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in controlled and field studies to examine the use of fat indices for assessing nutritional status. Eleven fawns were fed formulated rations differing in energy content for 4 weeks. The kidney fat index (KFI) was significantly lower for fawns fed low energy (LE) diets compared to high energy (HE) diets. Femur marrow (FMF) and mandibular marrow fat (MMF) levels were unaffected by diet. Robert J. Warren, R. L. Kirkpatrick
Pages 463-472 |
1982 |
Winter Foods of River Otters from Saline and Fresh Environments in Louisiana Winter foods of the river otter (Lutra canadensis) in southern Louisiana were determined to gain an understanding of prey eaten by otters. Otters were taken by trappers in the salt marsh in southeastern Louisiana and freshwater swamp in the Atchafalaya Basin in southcentral Louisiana. Fishes were found in 83.3% of the digestive tracts from salt marsh and 83.0% of the tracts from the swamp area. Blue crabs (Callinectes sapidus) occurred in 19.8% of the digestive tracts from salt marsh and 3.8% of the tracts from the swamp area. Robert H. Chabreck, J. E. Holcombe, R. G. Linscombe, N. E. Kinler
Pages 473-483 |
1982 |
Testing of Lithium Chloride Aversion to Mitigate Raccoon Depredation of Loggerhead Turtle Nests Lithium chloride aversive conditioning to reduce raccoon (Procyon lotor) predation of loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) nests was tested under laboratory and field conditions. A total dosage of 1.0 g was determined to produce side effects (diarrhee and emesis) soon after ingestion, and the negative taste reaction to the drug was eliminated when a dosage level of 0.25 g/egg was administered. In separate phases of laboratory testing on 37 raccoons, an aversive conditioned response was observed in only a few individuals. Sally R. Hopkins, T. M. Murphy
Pages 484-491 |
1982 |
Food Habits of Diving Ducks in the Carolinas Food habits analyses were conducted on 264 diving ducks (7 species) from North and South Carolina during the 1970's. The Baltic clam (Macoma balthica) was the predominant food among canvasbacks (Aythya valisineria) from the Pamlico River area, whereas sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) predominated in birds from impoundments in North and South Carolina. Shoalgrass (Halodule beaudettei) formed 100% of the gullet food and 99% of the gizzard food in redheads (Aythya americana) from Pamlico Sound.
Pages 492-504 |
1982 |
A Comparison of Federal and State Duck Harvest Estimates from 1965 to 1975 Estimates of ducks harvested by hunters from 1965 to 1975, as calculated by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, were compared to corresponding estimates calculated by 33 State wildlife agencies. States were grouped into 4 categories according to survey methodology and the relative magnitude of Federal estimates to State estimates was calculated for each category and contrasts performed through analysis of variance on log transformed data.
Pages 505-514 |
1982 |
Food Habits of Three Bird Species on Phosphatemine Settling Ponds and Natural Wetlands Common moorhens (Gallinula chloropus), double-crested cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus), and mottled ducks (Anas julvigula) were collected from phosphate-mine settling ponds and natural wetlands in north and central Florida between June and October 1981. Contents of esophagi, proventriculi, and stomachs were removed from 185 birds, identified, and measured by volumetric displacement. Aggregate percentages of food items in diets were compared between settling ponds and natural wetlands. Rank order of items in moorhen diets differed among the 2 habitats. Timothy E. O'Meara, W. R. Marion, O. B. Meyers, W. M. Hetrick
Pages 515-526 |
1982 |