The Delmarva fox squirrel (Sciurus niger cinereus) and the gray squirrel (Sciurns carolinemis) occupied nest boxes placed in four separate woodlots on Maryland's Eastern Shore. During each season, a large proportion (42%-58%) of the boxes were not occupied, indicating that a lack of nesting sites is not limiting the abundance of Delmarva fox squirrels. The status of the Delmarva fox squirrel at all four sites is precarious. Management of the Delmarva fox squirrel must be based on the best available knowledge. Data pertaining to this squirrel are limited because of its scarcity and, until recently, a lack of interest in the animal by management agencies. Information concerning litters, nest box utilization, and habitat relationships is the basis for a discussion of management strategies. These include reduction of under bush by light burning or cattle grazing and selective removal of gray squirrels to reduce interspecific competition
